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Nathan edited an entry in Espírito Santo.
Censorship of LGBT Issues: State-enforced from 2018 to now.
In Espírito Santo, there are explicit legal barriers in Education. According to ILGA, in 2018, the city of Guarapari passed Law No. 4,227 banning contents related to "sexual orientation", "gender ideology" and "any practice capable of compromising or directing the natural development of children's personality. In the same year, the city of Marechal Floriano adopted Law No. 1,962 which bans public authorities from interfering with "the sexual maturation of the student body or allowing any form of dogmatism or proselytism in addressing gender issues" in education.
Nathan edited an entry in Ceará.
Censorship of LGBT Issues: State-enforced from 2016 to now.
There are explicit legal barriers in Education since 2016. In 2016, the Legislative Assembly of Ceará adopted Law No. 16,025 which bans "gender ideology" in education. In 2018, the city of Juazeiro do Norte has approved Law No. 4,853 which bans the teaching of contents related to "gender ideology". In 2021 the Prefecture of Caucaia approved Law No. 3,376 which bans the use of neutral language, the teaching of subjects related to sexuality or "gender ideology" and the use of bathrooms in accordance with one's gender identity in schools.
Nathan edited an entry in Panama.
Right to change legal gender: Legal, but requires surgery from 2006 to now.
Since 2006, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after cundergone gender affirming surgery according to Article 121 of The Civil Registry Law (Law No. 31) In 2016, a transgender woman was able, through court permission, to change her legal name according to her gender identity, without the need to undergo surgery.
Nathan edited an entry in Uruguay.
Legal recognition of non-binary gender: Not legally recognized from past to now.
Although Law 19,684 (article 4c) recognizes non-binary gender persons in its definitions, there is no third gender marker option available other than female and male. However in 2023, the governing council of the University of the Republic (Udelar) in Uruguay has approved the implementation of a non-binary option on their degree titles. The non-binary option allows individuals who do not identify strictly as male or female to be represented accurately on their academic credentials. This decision is significant as it reflects a broader societal shift towards recognizing and respecting non-binary gender identities.
Nathan edited an entry in Cuba.
Right to change legal gender: Legal, but requires surgery from 2008 to now.
According to ILGA official data as of October 2023, the gender marker on identity documents can only be changed if the applicant has undergone gender affirmation surgery. The petitioner must submit their request for a change of gender marker before the Civil Section of the Local Court. Next, the request is submitted to the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Trans People, together with the medical certification that the petitioner has undergone surgery. The following evidence must be accredited before the court: (1) the summary of the clinical records, (2) the descriptive medical criteria of the surgery with emphasis on its irreversibility, (3) a document confirming the intervention signed by the CENESEX, and (4) photographic records from before and after the intervention. Gender affirming surgery and hormonal treatment are provided and covered by the national health system since 2008 (Resolution No. 126). Since 2022, transgender people can change their name through self-determination. Instruction #1 of 2022 of the Ministry of Justice repealed Instruction #1 of 2012 that made the name change for trans people subject to a change of sex, following genital adjustment surgery.
Nathan edited an entry in Angola.
LGBT discrimination: Illegal in some contexts from 2021 to now.
Article 212 of the Penal Code criminalises acts of discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment, health, education and in the provision of goods and services. There is no explicit protection in housing.
Nathan edited an entry in Angola.
LGBT employment discrimination: Sexual orientation only from 2021 to now.
Article 212 of the Penal Code bans acts of discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment.
Nathan edited an entry in Angola.
LGBT housing discrimination: No protections from past to now.
Laws in force in Angola do not offer protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity in housing. There is no explicit protection under the change of the Criminal Code.
Nathan edited an entry in Greece.
LGBT discrimination: Illegal in some contexts from Dec 24, 2015 to now.
There are legal protection against LGBT discrimination in the provision of goods and services (2015) and employment (2016).
Nathan edited an entry in Greece.
LGBT housing discrimination: No protections from past to now.
Laws in force in Greece do not offer protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in housing.
Nathan edited an entry in Taiwan.
LGBT discrimination: Illegal in some contexts from 2004 to now.
Articles 12, 13 and 14 of the Gender Equity Education Act (2004) include sexual orientation among the prohibited grounds of discrimination in education. Taiwan banned workplace discrimination against LGBT citizens in 2007.
Nathan edited an entry in Taiwan.
LGBT employment discrimination: Sexual orientation only from 2007 to now.
In 2007 and 2008, the Legislative Yuan passed amendments to two employment laws banning discrimination based on sexual orientation at work. Employment discrimination based on sexual orientation is prohibited under Article 5 of the Employment Service Act (2007) and Chapter II of the Gender Equality in Employment Act (2008).
Nathan edited an entry in Taiwan.
LGBT housing discrimination: No protections from past to now.
Laws in force in Taiwan do not offer protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity in housing.
Nathan edited an entry in Switzerland.
LGBT employment discrimination: No protections from past to now.
Laws in force in Switzerland do not offer protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment.
Nathan edited an entry in India.
Right to change legal gender: Legal, but requires surgery from 2019 to now.
The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 allows for transgender individuals to change their gender marker to either "male" or "female" only after showing proof of their gender confirmation surgery issued by a medical officer to the District Magistrate. This provision contradicts the Supreme Court decision in 2014. This contradiction has been challenged as unconstitutional in the Indian Supreme Court. As of June 2020, a second petition alleging unconstitutionality has been entered, and will be heard along with the first. Overall, the petitions challenge Sections 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the Act, claiming that they also contradict the Constitution of India. This case is still pending a decision. Under section 6 of Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, a trans person may apply to be issued a certificate of identity that certifies that they are transgender (denoted as "Transgender"). Upon receiving this certificate, the applicants have the right to be recorded as transgender in all official documents.
Nathan edited an entry in Cape Verde.
LGBT discrimination: Illegal in some contexts from Oct 16, 2007 to now.
Only banned in employment and housing
Nathan edited an entry in Cape Verde.
LGBT housing discrimination: Sexual orientation only from 2019 to now.
Section 8 of the National Housing Policy (2019) states it was developed under the premise that everyone has a right to housing, regardless of their sexual orientation.
Nathan edited an entry in Liechtenstein.
LGBT discrimination: Illegal in some contexts from Jan 1, 2016 to now.
Article 283(1)(6) of the Penal Code (1987), as amended by Law No. 14 (2016), bans acts of discrimination based on sexual orientation in in the provision of goods and services. Article 283 criminalises public incitement to hatred or discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Nathan edited an entry in Liechtenstein.
LGBT housing discrimination: No protections from past to now.
There is no explicit legal protection against LGBT discrimination in housing.
Nathan edited an entry in Liechtenstein.
LGBT employment discrimination: No protections from past to now.
There is no explicit legal protection against LGBT discrimination in employment. According to Article 19 of the Liechtenstein Constitution, all workers have the right to equal opportunities and treatment, however, there are no specific legislations in the context of LGBTQ+ people.
Nathan edited an entry in Marshall Islands.
LGBT discrimination: Illegal from 2019 to now.
The Gender Equality Act (2019) prohibits direct or indirect discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
Nathan edited an entry in Marshall Islands.
LGBT housing discrimination: Sexual orientation and gender identity from past to now.
The Gender Equality Act (2019) prohibits direct or indirect discrimination in particular the political, legal, economic, employment, social and domestic spheres, and by any person, State entity, enterprise or organization. "Sexual orientation" and "gender identity" are included among the protected categories under the definition of "intersectional discrimination" and "multiple discrimination.
Nathan edited an entry in Marshall Islands.
Right to change legal gender: Illegal from past to now.
Laws in force in Marshall Islands do not allow for gender marker change in identification documents. (ILGA)
Nathan edited an entry in United Kingdom.
Conversion therapy: Not banned from past to now.
According to ILGA, laws in force in United Kingdom do not regulate or restrict sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression change efforts (SOGIECE), regularly known as “conversion therapies”. The UK government is discussing a ban on conversion therapy.
Nathan edited an entry in France.
Legal recognition of non-binary gender: Not legally recognized from past to now.
Non-binary gender is not available. In 2023, the European Court of Human Rights decided in the judgment "Y. v. France" (2023) on the legal recognition of the gender of an intersex person. Specifically, on the case of a person who had been refused by French authorities the possibility to modify their gender marker to reflect the term "neutral" or "intersex". The ECHR rejected that such a decision was in breach of the European Convention on Human Rights, stating that, given the relevance of such a change to the otherwise binary French legal system, it was for the French state itself to reform its legislation beforehand. However, it acknowledged that future developments in Council of Europe member states could change its interpretation. A court ruled in August 2015 that an intersex plaintiff who was designated male at birth, could use the term “neutral gender” on personal official documents. This decision was overturned by a French appeals court.
Nathan edited an entry in Cuba.
Right to change legal gender: Legal, but requires surgery from past to now.
Changing gender in Cuba is allowed since 2008. The gender marker on identity documents can only be changed if the applicant has undergone gender affirmation surgery. This is because under the legislation currently in force, gender markers depend on the genitalia. The petitioner must submit their request for a change of gender marker before the Civil Section of the Local Court. Next, the request is submitted to the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Trans People, together with the medical certification that the petitioner has undergone surgery. The following evidence must be accredited before the court: (1) the summary of the clinical records, (2) the descriptive medical criteria of the surgery with emphasis on its irreversibility, (3) a document confirming the intervention signed by the CENESEX, and (4) photographic records from before and after the intervention. The decision issued by the Court allows the applicant to file a request before the Civil Registry and get a new birth certificate. Since 2022, transgender people can change their name through self-determination. Gender affirming surgery and hormonal treatment are provided and covered by the national health system since 2008. Missing non binary options on documents.
Nathan edited an entry in Austria.
Right to change legal gender: Legal, but requires medical diagnosis from Apr 24, 2009 to now.
Under Article 41 of the Civil Status Law (2013), the Civil Status Registry has the ability to alter an entry, when it has become incorrect after is it made. In 2019, local organisation TransX.at informed ILGA World that, according to local administrative proceedings, to amend their gender markers applicants need to present one statement (in some provinces, two) by a psychologist, a psychiatrist or a psychotherapist attesting for the following facts: (1) a permanent feeling of belonging to the other gender; (2) that it is irreversible in all foresight; and (3) that measures have been taken that lead to a convergence to the outer appearance of the other gender. Gender affirmation surgeries are not necessary. The ruling against compulsory surgical interventions arises from a 2009 case before the Constitutional Court (Judgment No. 2008/17/0054) wherein it was stated that a “feeling of belonging [which] is in all likelihood irreversible and has been expressed in external terms by the person closely aligning their appearance to the external appearance of the opposite gender” is sufficient to validate gender marker change. (ILGA)
Nathan edited an entry in Poland.
Right to change legal gender: Legal, but requires medical diagnosis from 1991 to now.
Gender marker change requires initiating a court procedure in which the applicant must file an “assessment suit”, manufacturing proceedings between the applicant and their family. This procedure is very subjective and can result in summary dismissal of the applicant’s suit. Conditions can include a “real-life test”, requiring the applicant to have expressed their gender identity publicly for two years (often without any medical intervention) and medical testing, both psychological and physical. This procedure is based on the Supreme Court decision of 22 March 1991 which interprets the sense of belonging to a gender as “a personal good”, per Article 23 of the Civil Code (1964), meaning that a suit can be brought on this basis under Article 189 of the Code. Another Supreme Court judgment of 22 September 1995 established that parents or guardians of the applicant are the defendants in the lawsuit taken. Reports produced by Transfuzja showed that a diagnosis of “transsexualism” can be obtained through a series of tests and examinations, both psychological and physical, including head x-rays, genitalia examination and karyotype check. As there are no unified standards to diagnose a person of “transsexualism” in Poland, healthcare providers “recommend” a two-year “real life” test, during which the applicant is required to live full-time as their preferred gender, but they are not prescribed any hormonal treatment and they are still unable to change their legal status. While it is possible to receive hormonal treatment without a diagnosis, this practice can complicate legal gender recognition court procedures. In the resolution of the Court Supreme Court (ref. no. III CZP 100/77), the court found admissible gender change without surgery. In the same judgment, the court decided that it was possible to rectify the birth certificate.
Nathan edited an entry in Poland.
Right to change legal gender: Illegal from past to now.
In the resolution of the Court Supreme Court (ref. no. III CZP 100/77), the court found admissible gender change without surgery. In the same judgment, the court decided that it was possible to rectify the birth certificate.
Nathan edited an entry in .
: from Dec 10, 2023 to Dec 10, 2023.

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