Legal gender change has many different contexts within Canada. Birth certificate is arguably the most recognized authoritative statement of gender. Changes to this document are regulated province by province. Some require proof of surgery for a certificate change, others require a psychologist's statement. For citizens born outside of Canada, recognition is at the federal level in the form of changes to one's certificate of Canadian citizenship and/or passport which at present requires proof of surgery to obtain.
just passed gender identity and expression protection. under Bill C-16 makes it illegal to spread hate propaganda. discrimination and hate speech high for aboriginals and lgbt communities.
Federal human rights law applies directly to only federal government employment and employers which fall under federal jurisdiction. Gender identity is only implicitly protected under interpretation of the law by the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal. Attempts have been made to have gender identity and gender expression added as protected classes to both the Canadian Human Rights Act and Criminal Code, though none of these attempts so far has been successful.
Provincial human rights acts are separate, but Supreme Court precedent exists for requiring provinces to protect the same classes as the Canadian Human Rights Act. At this time all provinces protect against employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Of the provinces only Ontario has explicit protection on the basis of both gender identity and gender expression in its human rights code, though several provide implicit protections on the basis of gender identity or "transsexualism" under the category of "sex" or "gender".
Health Canada approved Canadian Blood Services’ proposal to reduce the blood donation ineligibility period for men who have sex with men from five years to one year.
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Conversion therapy in Canada
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Current status
Varies by Region
Conversion therapy in Canada is not yet banned at a Federal level and many ex-gay organizations and groups who endorse conversion/reparative therapy continue to operate as registered charities. Some provinces have made gestures or passed laws to make conversion therapy illegal both for sexual orientation and gender identity.
Consensual sexual activity between individuals of the same sex.
Marriage and marriage recognition between two people of the same biological sex and/or gender identity.
Legal recognition of sex reassignment by permitting a change of legal gender on an individual's birth certificate.
The ability for same-sex couples to legally adopt a child.
Prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity.
Prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity when applying for housing or discrimination by landlords / property owners.
Prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity in employment, including hiring, promotion, termination, harassment, etc.
The ability for homosexuals to serve in the military and be open about their sexuality.
The difference between legal age of consent for homosexual sex and heterosexual sex.
The ability for MSMs (men who have sex with men) to donate blood or tissue for organ transplants. A deferral period refers to a waiting time before a man can donate after having sex.
Legal status of conducting sexual orientation changing therapy ("ex-gay" therapy)
The Equality Index is an experimental rating to help visualize the legal rights and public attitudes towards LGBT people in a given region.
Currently, the index only applies to written law — not necessarily practiced law — and only takes public opinion into account when data is available.