In 1974, Ohio repealed its sodomy and solicitation laws. However, the sex offender registration law was not repealed, and a new solicitation law was adopted that said "no person shall solicit a person of the same sex for sexual activity with the offender, when the offender knows such solicitation is offensive to the other person, or is reckless in that regard." The penalty was up to 6 months imprisonment and/or a fine of $1,000. However, the solicitation law required that the solicited person be offended by the solicitor and if they were not, regardless of if it was between two people of the same sex, it was not to be considered a crime.

In 2002, in the case of State v. Thompson, the Supreme Court of Ohio found that the solicitation law was unconstitutional. The decision also removed the provision of the sex offender registration law that required registration by people convicted two or more times under the offensive solicitation law.

In 2015, The Supreme Court of the United States ruled that banning same-sex marriage is unconstitutional, and their ruling legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.

On April 9, 2025, Ohio’s House Bill 8 was be implemented after it was signed by the Governor in January. It restricts the teaching of sexual orientation and gender identity in grades kindergarten to 3.

Ohio's birth certificate law was struck down in December 2020 and judged discriminatory against transgender individuals. Thus, Ohio-born citizens will now be able to modify their gender marker.

There is no specific requirement to modify the gender marker, since each court will have their own ruling, but it is advised that their requirement be as accessible as possible.

The Tenth District Court of Appeals overturned House Bill 68, which banned gender affirming care for youth, in March 18, 2025, legalising care for minors.

While making gender marker change on birth certificates available to transgender individuals, an X gender marker option was also added for non-binary individuals.

Currently, Ohio state laws protect civil servants from discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Several cities and localities in Ohio have protections extended to non-civil servants with the first being Colombus in January of 1974.

On June 15th, 2020, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that discrimination in employment based on sexual orientation or gender identity is illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, classified as sex discrimination.

This state does not provide any legal protections from discrimination based upon sexual orientation or gender identification.

However, the Human Rights Campaign states, "The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires grantees and participants of HUD programs to comply with local and state non-discrimination laws that include sexual orientation and gender identity.
HUD also prohibits inquiries regarding the sexual orientation or gender identity of a prospective tenant or applicant for assisted
housing in every state (March 2012)."

There are no laws prohibiting Ohio same-sex adoption. Both single LGBT individuals and gay and lesbian couples are permitted to petition to adopt in the state of Ohio. Prior to the Supreme Court legalizing gay marriage in 2015, only single LGBT individuals could adopt. However, since then, same-sex couples are permitted to adopt in Ohio.

In the state of Ohio intersex infant surgery is legally allowed and the ban on gender-affirming care for minors had exceptions for intersex infant surgeries.

Midday on May 6th, 2025, the Supreme Court issued an order allowing the Trump administration to enforce its ban on transgender service members while the court reviews their case.

The new FDA policy on blood donation eliminates deferrals and screening questions specific to men who have sex with men (MSM). Prospective donors will be asked the same set of questions regardless of their sex or sexual orientation.

State legislative action against conversion therapy has culminated in no relevant results.

In the meanwhile, some cities have banned conversion therapy through measures or ordinances each with their own temperaments and variants by jurisdiction.

The list consists of: Cincinnati (the first in December 2015), Toledo, Columbus, Dayton, Athens, Lakewood, Kent, Cleveland, Cleveland Heights, Akron, Lorain and Reynoldsburg. A ban is pending in Westerville.

The Ohio Board of Psychology released an advisory statement against conversion therapy additionally.

A study showed Ohio banned in the top 5 states for conversion therapy.

Bills had been shown to be pending at some point against the practice of conversion therapy but their status is currently unknown. State law supersedes local laws and the ban is at risk of being rendered defunct if state legislatures were to nullify the legitimacy of the scope of these laws.