Regions  ▸  Asia  ▸  Mongolia

LGBT Rights in Ulaanbaatar
Municipality

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History

Homosexual activity in Ulaanbaatar

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Homosexual activity in Ulaanbaatar is legal.

Current status
Since Sep 1, 2002
Legal
From 2001,Same sex acts and realtionships are legal in Mongolia
Details
Sources:
www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/tex…
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Nov 24, 1961–Aug 31, 2002
Illegal (imprisonment as punishment)
Homosexuality was criminalised in Mongolia in 1961 through its Criminal Code.
Details
Sources:
www.theguardian.com/world/2…
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Until Nov 23, 1961
Legal
There were no laws in the country that criminally prosecuted same-sex relationships.
Details
Sources:
database.ilga.org/mongolia-…
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Same-sex marriage in Ulaanbaatar

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Same-sex marriage in Ulaanbaatar is banned.

Current status
Since 1992
Banned
Constitutional ban since 1992.
Details
Sources:
www.mulabi.org/epu/9th%20ro… page 5
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Censorship of LGBT issues in Ulaanbaatar

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Censorship of LGBT issues in Ulaanbaatar is no censorship.

Current status
No censorship
In Mongolia, there are no laws restricting the discussion or promotion of LGBTQ+ topics.
Details
Sources:
www.state.gov/reports/2023-…
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Right to change legal gender in Ulaanbaatar

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Right to change legal gender in Ulaanbaatar is legal, but requires surgery.

Current status
Since Jun 2009
Legal, but requires surgery under federal Mongolia law
An amandment made in June 2009 to Article 20(1) of the Civil Registration Law allows transgender people to change their legal gender on birth certificates or citizen identification cards following sex reassignment surgery.
Details
Sources:
www.state.gov/reports/2023-…
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Gender-affirming care in Ulaanbaatar

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Gender-affirming care in Ulaanbaatar is legal.

Current status
Since 1994
Legal
Gender-affirming healthcare is legal in Mongolia but administrative difficulties and social conservatism make it difficult to access in practice.
Details
Sources:
www.weareaptn.org/2024/06/1…
www.australianvolunteers.co…
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Restricted
In 1991, Mongolia legalized sterilization, which de facto meant legalizing sex reassignment surgery, however, medical records regarding transsexualism had to be obtained abroad.
Details
Sources:
www.rhsupplies.org/uploads/…
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Until 1991
Banned
Medical transition is not possible
Details
Sources:
www.rhsupplies.org/uploads/…
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Legal recognition of non-binary gender in Ulaanbaatar

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Legal recognition of non-binary gender in Ulaanbaatar is not legally recognized.

Current status
Not legally recognized
Nonbinary gender is not legally recognized in Mongolia
Details
Sources:
Only a few countries in Asia
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Hate crime protections in Ulaanbaatar

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Hate crime protections in Ulaanbaatar is protected in some contexts.

Current status
Since Jul 1, 2017
Protected in some contexts
Article 10.2.14 of the Criminal Code states "if a person kills someone out of hatred based on their opinion, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation or gender identity, he/she shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of twelve to twenty years or life imprisonment."
Details
Sources:
Criminal Code in Mongolian
legalinfo.mn/mn/detail/11634
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LGBT discrimination in Ulaanbaatar

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LGBT discrimination in Ulaanbaatar is illegal.

Current status
Since Jul 1, 2017
Illegal
The Criminal Code and the Law on Criminal Procedure outlaw discrimination against LGBT people.
Details
Sources:
cyrilla.org/api/files/17285…
legislationline.org/sites/d…
track.unodc.org/uploads/doc…

Report 2025:
www.theadvocatesforhumanrig…

mongolia.un.org/en/14401-co…
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LGBT employment discrimination in Ulaanbaatar

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LGBT employment discrimination in Ulaanbaatar is sexual orientation and gender identity.

Current status
Since Jan 1, 2022
Sexual orientation and gender identity under federal Mongolia law
Article 6 of the Labor Code, in force since January 1, 2022, prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression.
Details
Sources:
Labor Code:
legalinfo.mn/en/edtl/165320…
investmongolia.gov.mn/wp-co…
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LGBT housing discrimination in Ulaanbaatar

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LGBT housing discrimination in Ulaanbaatar is sexual orientation and gender identity.

Current status
Since Jul 1, 2017
Sexual orientation and gender identity
The Criminal Code and the Law on Criminal Procedure outlaw discrimination against LGBT people.
Details
Sources:
cyrilla.org/api/files/17285…
legislationline.org/sites/d…
track.unodc.org/uploads/doc…

Report 2025:
www.theadvocatesforhumanrig…
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Same-sex adoption in Ulaanbaatar

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Same-sex adoption in Ulaanbaatar is single only.

Current status
Single only
In Mongolia, same sex couples can't adopt as it only allow married heterosexual couples and singles can adopt which does include LGBTIAQ+ people.
Details
Sources:
lawzana.com/adoption-lawyer…
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Intersex infant surgery in Ulaanbaatar

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Intersex infant surgery in Ulaanbaatar is not banned.

Current status
Not banned
Surgery on intersex infants is legal and widespread medical practice in Mongolia.
Details
Sources:
www.state.gov/reports/2022-…
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Serving openly in military in Ulaanbaatar

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Serving openly in military in Ulaanbaatar is legal.

Current status
Legal
Open LGBTQ military service is not illegal in Mongolia
Details
Sources:
www.state.gov/reports/2023-…
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Blood donations by MSMs in Ulaanbaatar

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Blood donations by MSMs in Ulaanbaatar is banned (indefinite deferral).

Current status
Banned (indefinite deferral)
In Mongolia, MSMS can't donate blood with facing a indefinite deferral.
Details
Sources:
www.hwpl.kr/language/en/mon…
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Bathroom access in Ulaanbaatar

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Bathroom access in Ulaanbaatar is no explicit protections.

Current status
No explicit protections
Transgender people can legally use public bathrooms in Mongolia because there are no specific laws restricting restroom access based on gender identity.
Details
Sources:
outrightinternational.org/o…
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Conversion therapy in Ulaanbaatar

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Conversion therapy in Ulaanbaatar is not banned.

Current status
Not banned under federal Mongolia law
Conversion therapy remains legal and widespread in Mongolia.
Details
Sources:
www.state.gov/reports/2023-…
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Equal age of consent in Ulaanbaatar

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Equal age of consent in Ulaanbaatar is equal.

Current status
Since Aug 31, 2002
Equal
In 2002, homosexuality was legalised in Mongolia with an equal age of consent to heterosexuality.
Details
Sources:
www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/tex…
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Equality Index ?
39 / 100
Legal Rights
60 / 100
This region's Equality Index is based on legal rights alone. Please submit survey results that show the public opinion of LGBTQ+ issues in Ulaanbaatar to help improve its accuracy.
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Ulaanbaatar LGBT Organizations

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